Various Types of Syntactic Deviations in Saadi’s Ghazals

Abstract

One of the most complicated techniques that the poets use for defamiliarization, is syntactic deviation. This term has entered the literary circles, in recent decades. The authors of this article have tried to investigate the syntactic deviations in Saadi’s Divan, in order to clarify that to what extent, Saadi deviated from the standard language rules and for what motivation, this kind of deviation occurred in his language. In order to classify and make the ideas more cohesive, here an outline of the investigated variables is given as follows:

1. a.      Syntactic deviation in verbs b. in nouns c. in adjectives d. in pronouns e. in prepositions

The data analysis shows that Saadi has used syntactic deviation to an acceptable extent, and in this way has made his poetical language eminent. This eminence firstly concerns the verb area, especially the variable of using the subject after the verb and other components, which was the most frequent case, compared to other instances. Also, it should be noted that Saadi, has used other types of syntactic deviations in order to distinguish his poems.  Saadi is a poet who uses all the possibilities and instruments in order to make his language and wording more artistic; one of the main factors of his success in poetry is this very elegant use of the language. In some cases, he violates the normal language rules and by going beyond the principles, creates a different language.